Let's Learn How you can Install Anaconda , a Powerful package manager On You mac :

This Article will Include :

• How to install Anaconda using graphical installer
• How to run python code on Juypter Notebook

Graphical Installation of Anaconda :

1. Go to the official Anaconda Website  Click Download then choose a python 3.8x Graphical Installer , Download it

2. Once You complete downloaded, Locate Your downloaded file and double click it 

3. Click on Continue 

4. Again Click on Continue

5. Click on Continue to get the License Agreement to appear.

6. Click On install

• You’ll be prompted to give your password, which is usually the one that you also use to unlock your Mac when you start it up. After you enter your password, click on Install Software.

7. You can install Pycharm , if You like (Optional)

9. You should get a screen saying the installation has completed. Close the installer 

How to Open Jupyter Notebook ? 🤔

Don't worry follow these Few Steps 

1 .  Locate Anaconda Navigator on Your Mac ; Double Click It 

2. After That Launch the Jupyter Notebook as shown Below : 

3. It will open Jupyter Notebook on your default Browser :

How to Run Python Code ? 

1. Navigate to New > Python 3

2. Then It's Creates a New Jupyter Notebook

4.  You can Type Python Script / Code on Jypter Cell then click Run ( shift + Enter )

Congrats 🤩 !! You have installed anaconda and learnt how to run Python code In Jupyter Notebook 

In this Article , you’ll Learn How to Install Python On Mac Os :

• Check the current installed version of Python
• Download latest Python installer from python.org
• Run the installer package
• Launch Python from the terminal
• Launch IDLE

1. To Begin with first Download Python latest version (3.9.0 ) from Official website : https://www.python.org/downloads/  

• You Can download for different operating systems like windows, Linux, and mac ..
• Now Download for Mac Os

2.  After Download Navigate to file downloaded folder and Double click the Package , It'll Open The Window Like as below ,

3. Accept the Conditions and Click Continue 

4. Then It will start to installing ,

5. When it's done ,Launch Python from Terminal 

Type the following command in Terminal : Python 

• You can run Python Code from the Terminal as well

6. Then , In Your mac Navigate to Applications > Python > IDLE 

7. Python IDLE 

• Now, you can execute Python statements same as in Python Shell as shown below.

• To execute a Python script, create a new file by selecting File -> New File from the menu.

8. Enter multiple statements and run that code by 

saving the file with extension .py using File -> Save. For example, save the following code as hello.py.

• OutPut of the Code will show in IDLE

Thus, it is easy to write, test and run Python scripts in Terminal and IDLE.

Helloooo Letsupgraders 😎 :

In this Article We are gonna Learn How to install Jupyter Notebook using command Prompt on Windows Without using any Software such as anaconda , miniconda etc...

Let's Get Start : 

1. Open Command Prompt on Your Windows Machine
2. Type following command  : pip install jupyter notebook   then press ENTER

          3. Congrats! , you have installed Jupyter Notebook .

Basics Steps :

1. To Start the jupyter notebook server , Run following Command : jupyter notebook 

[ Note : if you came up with error like this 'jupyter' is not recognized as an internal or external command 

Chill! It's easy to tackle this error ; follow these steps 

       1. My Computer (Right Click) ‣ Properties ‣ Advanced System Properties ‣ Advanced ‣ Environment Variables

       2. In the System Variables search for Path Variable , then double click on it > New > add this in dialog box C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python38\Scripts > Ok 

--- Here <username>  replace with this your PC's username

--- Make sure You should Install Python  ]

Then again run  jupyter notebook 

         2.You should see the notebook open in your browser.

Well , We have installed and successfully  Opened Jupyter Notebook Just using command Prompt 😉 

Feel free to ask your doubts below in the comments..

If you Missed the Pre Tutorials of Tkinter, Check it at the end of the this Tutorial...

In this tutorial we'll learn how to build a Simple Calculator : ( Code in Jupyter Notebook)

Tkinter Tutorial_1 : Click_Here

Tkinter Tutorial_2 : Click_Here 

Tkinter Tutorial_3 : Click_Here

Tkinter Tutorial_4 : Click_Here

Check The Jupyter Notebook :

import random
lower = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvexyz'
upper = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
numbers = '1234567890'
symbols = '[]@#&(),.!'
all = lower + upper + numbers + symbols  
length = 8
# Prints elements of random items of given length  
password = ''.join(random.sample(all, length))
print(password)
Output : Kadfie.@

 

Syntax : random.sample(sequence, k)

Parameters:
sequence: Can be a list, tuple, string, or set.
k: An Integer value, it specify the length of a sample.

Returns: k length new list of elements chosen from the sequence.

If you Missed the Pre Tutorials of Tkinter, Check it at the end of the this Tutorial...

In this tutorial we'll learn about the following Concepts :

• Button Widget
• Entry Widget

Button Widget :

The button widget is very similar to the label widget. We create a variable and use the widget syntax to define what the button has to say.

Check out the below code snippet:

** We can also change the foreground for a button or any other widget as well.

fg  = foreground 

bg = background

So at this point, we have a clickable button. Well, what happens when we actually go ahead and click it?

Check out this Image:

So we call this the welcome event. We need to write the functionality as to what should happen when we click the button or in other terms when the click event is fired.

For that purpose we have a function called Welcome, we are displaying a text message saying button was clicked.

We will need to add a parameter called command in the button definition as shown.

Pretty easy, right?

Entry Widget :

What is an entry widget used for?

It is used to create input fields in the GUI to take in textual input.

Next , We'll get and print the First Name , Last Name Using Button and Label

Tkinter Tutorial_1 : Click_Here

Tkinter Tutorial_2 : Click_Here 

Tkinter Tutorial_3 : Click_Here

                             ---------- Thank You ----------

[ Note : If U Have any Doubts Please Ask in Comment Section ]

For the Next tutorial we'll learn How Build a Simple Calculator (GUI)

Happy_Learning.. 😎

Tkinter Tutorial_3 :

If you missed the Pre Tutorials of Tkinter , Check the end of the this Tutorial...

In this tutorial we'll learn about the following Concepts :

• Creating New Window
• Label Widgets

New Window :

How to create a new window ?

from tkinter import *

from PIL import ImageTk,Image

new_window = Tk() # Here new_window name of the main window object

new_window.mainloop()

Label Widget :

1. Label : Labels are used to create texts and images and all of that but it is important to note that it has to be a single line definition only.

• Creating Text

from tkinter import *

new_window = Tk() # Here new_window name of the main window object

new_window.title("LETSUPGRADE")

new_window.iconbitmap("logoico.ico")

new_window.geometry("200x200")

label = Label(new_window, text = "Welocome To Lesupgrade")

label.pack()

new_window.mainloop()

• Creating image

from tkinter import *

from PIL import ImageTk,Image

new_window = Tk() # Here new_window name of the main window object

new_window.title("LETSUPGRADE")

new_window.iconbitmap("logoico.ico")  # Give image path with extention ICO

label = Label(new_window, text = "Welocome To Lesupgrade", font = 'Times 30 italic bold')

label.pack()

img = ImageTk.PhotoImage(Image.open("lu_logo.png"))

label_for_image = Label(new_window,image = img).pack()

new_window.mainloop()

OutPut :

Here we goo : We changed the Logo and Title as well

Changing Foreground , Background Colour And Grid (Geometry Management ) :

from tkinter import *

from PIL import ImageTk,Image

new_window = Tk() # Here new_window name of the main window object

new_window.title("LETSUPGRADE")

new_window.iconbitmap("logoico.ico")

label_1 = Label(new_window, text = "LetsUpgrader",

             font = "Times 30 bold italic",

            background = "yellow",

            foreground = "black")

label_1.grid(row=0,column=0)

label_2 = Label(new_window, text = "Redefining Careers",font = ("Times",40),fg = "black",bg = "orange")

label_2.grid(row=1,column=0)

new_window.mainloop()

# Here we can use : foreground or fg    And     background or bg

Output : 

Tkinter Tutorial 1 : Click_Here

Tkinter Tutorial_2 : Click_Here 

                             ---------- Thank You ----------

[ Note : If U Have any Doubts Please Ask in Comment Section ]

We will Learn the following Topics in Up Coming Tutorial :

• Few more widgets

Happy Learning.....😉

Tkinter Tutorial_1 : Click_Here

In this Tutorial We'll be Covering The following Concepts : 

• Tkinter Widgets
• Standard Attributes
• Geometry Management

Tkinter Widgets :

What is Widgets are ? 

                             Tkinter provides various controls, such as buttons, labels and text boxes used in a GUI application. These controls are commonly called widgets.

Types of Widgets :

We are gonna cover few Widgets :

• Label : Label is used to create a single line widgets like Text, images etc.
• Button – Button widget is used to place the buttons in the Tkinter.
• Entry – Entry widget is used to create input fields in the GUI.
• Frame – Frame is used as containers in the Tkinter.
• Checkbutton - The Checkbutton widget is used to display a number of options to a user as toggle buttons. The user can then select one or more options by clicking the button corresponding to each option.
• Radiobutton - This widget implements a multiple-choice button, which is a way to offer many possible selections to the user and lets user choose only one of them.

Standard Attributes : 

                             Let us take a look at how some of their common attributes.such as sizes, colors and fonts are specified.

• Dimensions : Various lengths, widths, and other dimensions of widgets can be described in many different units.
• Colors : Tkinter represents colors with strings ,  There are two ways to specify the colors in Tkinter

1. You can use a string specifying the proportion of red, green and blue in hexadecimal digits. For example, "#fff" is white, "#000000" is black, "#000fff000" is pure green, and "#00ffff" is pure cyan (green plus blue).
2. You can also use any locally defined standard color name. The colors "white", "black", "red", "green", "blue", "cyan", "yellow", and "magenta" will always be available.

• Fonts : In Tkinter We can use different types of fonts by specifying the name of the font.
• Anchor : Anchors are used to define where text is positioned relative to a reference point.

• Relief Style : The relief style of a widget refers to certain simulated 3-D effects around the outside of the widget.

             List of possible constants which can be used for relief attribute :

1. FLAT
2. RAISED
3. SUNKEN
4. GROOVE
5. RIDGE
6. SOLID

Geometry Management : 

                    All Tkinter widgets have access to specific geometry management methods, which have the purpose of organizing widgets throughout the parent widget area. Tkinter exposes the following geometry manager classes: pack, grid, and place.

• place - which positions widgets at absolute locations
• grid - which arranges widgets in a grid
• pack - which packs widgets into a cavity

[ Note : If U Have any Doubts Please Ask in Comment Section ]

                                                       ---------- Thank You ----------

We will Learn the following Topics in Up Coming Tutorial :

• Usage of Widgets And It's Parameters

Learn By Doing ...🤓...

Tkinter :         

                             In This Tkinter tutorial Will help you start Learning about the Tkinter library in Python And give you an in depth insight into how Python is used to create Graphical User Interface (GUI) applications.

                                     The Number of Applications of Tkinter is Endless and it is very popular and easy library to learn.

In this tutorial, We'll be learn the following Concepts : 

• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Python Libraries to Create GUIs
• What is Tkinter
• Fundamentals of Tkinter

What is GUI ?

             Graphical User Interface (GUI) is nothing but a desktop application which helps you to interact with the computers. They are used to perform different tasks in the desktops, laptops and other electronic devices.

• GUI apps like Sudoku, Chess and Solitaire are games which you can play.
• GUI apps like Google Chrome, Firefox and Microsoft Edge are used to browse through the Internet.

Python libraries To Create Graphical User Interfaces :

1. Tkinter
2. Python QT
3. wxPython
4. Kivy

Among the all of these , Tkinter is preferred by Lot of learners and Developers , Becoz of How simple and easy it is.

What is Tkinter ? 

           Tkinter is an in-built Python module used to create simple GUI apps using Python.Tkinter module as it comes with Python default.

Fundamentals Of Tkinter :

        Consider the following Diagram, it shows how  an application executes in Tkinter :

Step 1 : We first import the Tkinter module  --> from tkinter import *

             ( Here from the tkinter module we are importing all ( Using * Symbol ) methods in that module )

Step 2 : We Create the main window --> window = Tk()

             ( It will Create a New Window )

Step 3 : It is in this window that we are performing operations and displaying visuals and everything basically.

Step 4 ; Finally we add a Main Loop Event (An event loop is basically telling the code to keep displaying the window until we manually close it. It runs in an infinite loop in the back-end )

 The following steps to create a Window :

from tkinter import *

window = Tk()

window.mainloop()

Output Should be like :

 [ Note : If U Have any Doubts Please Ask in Comment Section ]

                          ---------- Thank You ----------

We will Learn the following Topics in Another Tutorial :

• Tkinter Widgets
•  Standard Attributes
• Geometry Management

Happy Learning.....😎

Cyber security is the practice of defending computers, servers, mobile devices, electronic systems, networks, and data from malicious attacks. It's also known as information technology security or electronic information security. 

Types of cyber threats :

The threats countered by cyber-security are three-fold:

1. Cybercrime includes single actors or groups targeting systems for financial gain or to cause disruption.

2. Cyber-attack often involves politically motivated information gathering.

3. Cyberterrorism is intended to undermine electronic systems to cause panic or fear.

Malware

Malware means malicious software. One of the most common cyber threats, malware is software that a cybercriminal or hacker has created to disrupt or damage a legitimate user’s computer. Often spread via an unsolicited email attachment or legitimate-looking download, malware may be used by cybercriminals to make money or in politically motivated cyber-attacks.

There are a number of different types of malware, including:

·        Virus: A self-replicating program that attaches itself to clean file and spreads throughout a computer system, infecting files with malicious code.

·        Trojans: A type of malware that is disguised as legitimate software. Cybercriminals trick users into uploading Trojans onto their computer where they cause damage or collect data.

·        Spyware: A program that secretly records what a user does, so that cybercriminals can make use of this information. For example, spyware could capture credit card details.

·        Ransomware: Malware which locks down a user’s files and data, with the threat of erasing it unless a ransom is paid.

·        Adware: Advertising software which can be used to spread malware.

·        Botnets: Networks of malware infected computers which cybercriminals use to perform tasks online without the user’s permission.

SQL injection

An SQL (structured language query) injection is a type of cyber-attack used to take control of and steal data from a database. Cybercriminals exploit vulnerabilities in data-driven applications to insert malicious code into a databased via a malicious SQL statement. This gives them access to the sensitive information contained in the database.

Phishing

Phishing is when cybercriminals target victims with emails that appear to be from a legitimate company asking for sensitive information. Phishing attacks are often used to dupe people into handing over credit card data and other personal information.

Man-in-the-middle attack

A man-in-the-middle attack is a type of cyber threat where a cybercriminal intercepts communication between two individuals in order to steal data. For example, on an unsecure WiFi network, an attacker could intercept data being passed from the victim’s device and the network.

Denial-of-service attack

A denial-of-service attack is where cybercriminals prevent a computer system from fulfilling legitimate requests by overwhelming the networks and servers with traffic. This renders the system unusable, preventing an organization from carrying out vital functions.